Task Progress:
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Over the past year, the Behavioral Health and Performance Laboratory and collaborators from the Fatigue Laboratory and Human Systems Integration Architecture (HSIA) concluded Phase I of the project. The research team has identified key constructs pertaining to the BMed, Teams, Sleep, and HSIA risk areas as well as performance indicators likely to be most relevant to Artemis II mission. Alongside these efforts, the team consulted with relevant subject matter experts (SMEs) and conducted an interdisciplinary literature review to understand current methods and tools for unobtrusive measurement approaches. Using results from the review and the current understanding of Artemis data-collection capabilities, the research team developed a codebook for in-mission data collection that can be used to characterize the risks in an unobtrusive manner.
Behavioral medicine risk
Following a review of spaceflight and spaceflight analog evidence, the team identified positive and negative affect, coping, cognitive performance, and cognitive workload as the five core constructs for the behavioral medicine risk with 10 subconstructs. Pre- and post-mission data collection entails survey measurement, crew debriefing, and administration of the cognition battery. In-mission data collection heavily involves the use of natural language processing (NLP) tools such as LIWC and STRESSNet to analyze text-based files generated from audio recordings.
Team risk
Constructs under the Team risk were evaluated from the Team Risk deliverable presented to Human Subjects Review Board (HSRB) in 2021. Key constructs include team cognition, team functionality and performance, and interpersonal relations with 10 subconstructs for risk characterization in Artemis missions. Pre- and post-mission data collection utilizes debriefs and surveys, employing measures from the Human Factors & Behavioral Performance (HFBP)-Exploration Measures suite when appropriate. Assessment of constructs in-mission largely relies on computer-aided text analysis (CATA) approaches. Alternative methods under the team risk encompass behavioral coding methods, which require access to audio-visual data for researchers to indicate behavioral indicators of each construct.
Sleep risk
Drawing from foundational sleep literature and subject matter expert (SME) consultation, we identified sleep quality, fatigue, workload, and sleep inertia as key constructs for Sleep risk characterization in Artemis missions. These constructs were selected given the likelihood of being impacted by contextual features of Artemis missions (e.g., small crew sleeping quarters, unique operational tempo). In-mission measurement triangulated common methods in spaceflight (e.g., actigraphy) with other data sources (e.g., noise dosimeter) to better refine our understanding of the core constructs.
HSIA risk
The list of core HSIA constructs was refined to include human-systems resilience, vehicle maintainability and repairability, system usability, and information accessibility to better characterize the HSIA risk given constraints introduced by beyond-low Earth orbit missions such as Artemis (e.g., increased communication delays, reduced ground support). Post-mission methods include crew debriefing and surveys (e.g., NASA-Modified System Usability Scale). In-mission methods behavioral coding based on audio-visual recordings and SME evaluation using mission artifacts (e.g., mission timelines, corrective action reports, and systems data).
Performance metrics
To characterize performance decrements due to BMed, Team, HSIA, and Sleep Risks, we refined our measurement of performance within the Artemis mission. We intend to assess performance in terms of effectiveness (i.e., attainment of mission objectives and goals) and efficiency (i.e., work accomplished relative to the resources available). These constructs will be further refined based on SME input and mission evaluation documents. Furthermore, we will capture performance behaviors using a behaviorally anchored rating scale developed for use in extreme teams. Trained raters will indicate crew performance using this scale after observing audio-visual recordings of crew in-mission.
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Conference Materials (Downloadable)
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Bell ST, Begerowski SR, Anderson SA, Dev SI, Landon LB, Khader AM, Dickson P, Vera A, Flynn-Evans E, Young M, Garret J. "Human factors behavioral performance risk characterization research for Artemis II." 2024 NASA Human Research Program Investigators' Workshop, Galveston, Texas, February 13-16, 2024. , Feb-2024 IWS 2024 Artemis II research.pdf (672 KB)
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