Responsible Center: NASA JSC
Grant Monitor: Whitmire, Alexandra
Center Contact:
alexandra.m.whitmire@nasa.gov
Unique ID: 15194
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Solicitation / Funding Source: Directed Research
Grant/Contract No.: Directed Research
Project Type: FLIGHT
Flight Program:
TechPort: No |
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| Human Research Program Elements: |
(1) HFBP:Human Factors & Behavioral Performance (IRP Rev H)
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| Human Research Program Risks: |
(1) Bmed:Risk of Adverse Behavioral Conditions and Psychiatric Disorders
(2) HSIA:Risk of Adverse Outcome Due to Inadequate Human Systems Integration Architecture (IRP Rev L)
(3) Sleep:Risk of Performance Decrements and Adverse Health Outcomes Resulting from Sleep Loss, Circadian Desynchronization, and Work Overload (IRP Rev F)
(4) Team:Risk of Performance and Behavioral Health Decrements Due to Inadequate Cooperation, Coordination, Communication, and Psychosocial Adaptation within a Team (IRP Rev F)
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| Human Research Program Gaps: |
(1) BMed-102:Given exposures to spaceflight hazards (space radiation, isolation), how do we identify individual susceptibility, monitor molecular/biomarkers and acceptable thresholds, and validate behavioral health and CNS/neurological/neuropsychological performance measures and domains of relevance to exploration class missions? (IRP Rev L)
(2) BMed-108:Given each crewmember will experience multiple spaceflight hazards simultaneously, we need to identify and characterize the potential additive, antagonistic, or synergistic impacts of multiple stressors (e.g., space radiation, altered gravity, isolation, altered immune, altered sleep) on crew health and/or CNS/ cognitive functioning to develop threshold limits and validate countermeasures for any identified adverse crew health and/or operationally-relevant performance outcomes (IRP Rev L)
(3) HSIA-101:We need to identify the Human Systems Integration (HSI) – relevant crew health and performance outcomes, measures, and metrics, needed to characterize and mitigate risk, for future exploration missions (IRP Rev L)
(4) HSIA-201:We need to evaluate the demands of future exploration habitat/vehicle systems and mission scenarios (e.g. increased automation, multi-modal communication) on individuals and teams, and determine the risks these demands pose to crew health and performance (IRP Rev L)
(5) HSIA-401:We need to determine how HSI can be applied in the vehicle/habitat and computer interface Design Phase to mitigate potential decrements in operationally-relevant performance (e.g. problem-solving, execution procedures), during increasingly earth-independent, future exploration missions (including in-mission and at landing) (IRP Rev L)
(6) HSIA-801:Given each crewmember will experience multiple spaceflight hazards (e.g. radiation, isolation and confinement, altered gravity), we need to evaluate and identify how HSI can further characterize and/or mitigate additive and/or synergistic effects of the spaceflight environment, for increasingly earth-independent, future exploration missions (including in-mission and at landing) (IRP Rev L)
(7) Sleep-101:Given each crew member will experience multiple spaceflight hazards simultaneously, we need to identify and characterize the potential additive, antagonistic, or synergistic impacts of multiple stressors (e.g., Space Radiation, Altered Gravity, Isolation, altered immune, altered sleep) on crew sleep-wake cycles and/or circadian shifting, health and/or CNS/cognitive functioning to identify any identified adverse individual or team crew health, and/or operationally-relevant performance outcomes (IRP Rev L)
(8) Team-101:We need to understand the key threats, indicators, and evolution of the team throughout its life cycle for shifting autonomy and interface with automation in increasingly earth independent, long duration exploration missions (IRP Rev L)
(9) Team-102:We need to identify a set of quantifiable and validated measures, based on 5-12 key indicators of mission-relevant and identified spaceflight acceptable thresholds (or ranges) of team function, to effectively monitor and measure team health and performance of integrated NASA and commercial/private crews, during shifting autonomy in increasingly earth independent, long duration exploration missions (IRP Rev L)
(10) Team-106:We need to identify how multiple risks (e.g., BMed, HSIA, Sleep) may increase or buffer Team risk, with potential for integrated, synergistic impact on Team performance and functioning during shifting levels of autonomy for all phases of increasingly earth independent, long duration exploration missions (IRP Rev L)
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| Task Description: |
Artemis II will mark the first time NASA astronauts go beyond low-Earth orbit (LEO) since the Apollo era, and the first astronauts heading into space in the Orion vehicle. As such, it provides a critical opportunity to refine our understanding of the likelihood and consequences associated with the Behavioral Medicine (BMed), Team, Human System Integration Architecture (HSIA), and Sleep Risks, and prepare for future Moon and Mars missions. The overarching goal of our research is to utilize Artemis II data to further define the likelihood and consequences of these risks, and to create a research infrastructure that can be expanded to include future Artemis missions. We propose a 3-phase research effort. In Phase I, we will use summaries of existing research (e.g., evidence books and Directed Acyclic Graphs/DAGs), literature reviews, and subject matter expert (SME) input to identify and conceptualize key performance metrics, contributing factors, and BMed, Team, HSIA, and Sleep risk constructs related to performance decrements. We will describe how the constructs are expected to arise in spaceflight, and conduct a review that summarizes how metrics (e.g., behaviors and trace data, words and linguistics, and physiological data) derived from data streams available in Artemis II (e.g., audiovisual data) can serve as indicators of these constructs for in-mission measurement during Artemis. The Phase I effort will result in a finalized pre- and post-mission protocol for Artemis II, along with a measurement and coding scheme for in-mission Artemis II data. Phase II includes data collection from the Artemis II mission. Phase III will include data processing, data analysis under a Bayesian framework, coding, depiction, analysis, and report writing. |
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| Rationale for HRP Directed Research: |
This research is directed because it contains highly constrained research. Artemis II provides a critical opportunity to refine our understanding of the likelihood and consequences associated with BMed, Team, HSIA, and Sleep Risks, and prepare for future Moon and Mars missions.
Two significant constraints shape the research methodology. First, there is currently no in-mission crew time available to complete measures. In-mission data will need to be collected unobtrusively from available data streams (e.g., audiovisual, existing records such as schedules, and actigraphy). Second, Artemis II is anticipated to be a crew of 4 astronauts in flight for 10 days followed by additional crewed Artemis missions. This creates a scenario where there is important data for understanding risk characterization; however, there will be a small sample size from Artemis II, and risk characterization will need to be updated over time as additional crews fly in later Artemis missions. |
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| Research Impact/Earth Benefits: |
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