Task Progress:
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The third-year progress of the present research on “Line Chilldown and Transfer Process in Microgravity Onboard the International Space Station (ISS)” can be summarized as follows:
Development and Testing of a Closed Loop Two-Phase Flow Chill-down Test Module for Integration with the Flow Boiling and Condensation Experiment (FBCE) Module at the ISS:
Terrestrial chilldown experiments are performed on a 0.375'' OD, 0.065'' thickness SS-316 tube in a horizontal closed loop flow configuration with PF-5060 as the working fluid. The present experiments mimic the cryogenic transfer line chilldown process and captured the entire chilldown curve, including the film, transition, and nucleate boiling regimes along with the single phase liquid convective regimes. The experiments are performed at different inlet mass fluxes and inlet liquid subcooling. The results of the tests yielded useful data for temperature transition points, critical heat flux, regime specific heat flux and heat transfer coefficients as a function of inlet mass flux and inlet liquid subcooling. The heat transfer experiments will be extended to pulsed inlet flows and the obtained results will be compared with the continuous flow tests. Preliminary flow visualization experiments are performed in a Nichrome winded pyrex tube and the high speed imaging data revealed different flow boiling regimes – such as the inverted annular film boiling, transition boiling, and nucleate boiling typical of a cryogenic chilldown process. Further, high quality flow visualization experiments will be performed in an Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO) coated quartz tube and outer wall temperature profiles will be recorded using an infrared (IR) camera.
CFD Studies on Flow Boiling during the Cryogenic Transfer Line Chill-down Process under Terrestrial and Microgravity Conditions:
3-D mixture computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed for 3 low inlet mass flux test cases for 1-ge Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) vertical upflow chilldown experiments and the predictions seem to improve in the transition and nucleate boiling regimes. A subgrid nucleate boiling user-defined function (UDF) has been developed and testing is in progress for different configurations. 2-D axisymmetric CFD simulations are performed to validate the microgravity chilldown results with LN2 as the working fluid. The preliminary results are promising, and the simulation methodology is being extended to predict chilldown curves at different axial locations along the tube. In addition, attempts are made to predict the chilldown process using the sharp interface volume of fluid (VOF) formulation as well as Eulerian two-fluid model with Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) wall heat flux partitioning during different flow boiling regimes.
Development of a 1-D Nodal Model for Line Chill-down Process:
No progress this year. The nodal model is being improved now to include more parametric effects. The experimental results obtained from the terrestrial chilldown tests will be used to develop correlations for use in the 1-D nodal model next year.
In addition, the Systems Requirements Review (SRR) for the project was held in January 2024 and received the science panel comments, which have been addressed. The Science Requirements Document (SRD), as well as the Integrated Science Requirements Document (ISRD), are being updated based on discussions with the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) and NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) teams. The GRC Engineering team fabricated the heat transfer test section based on science requirements and testing will start soon to obtain high quality chilldown heat transfer data at different points in the proposed ISS test matrix.
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Abstracts for Journals and Proceedings
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Narayanan JK, Hartwig JW, Mackey JR, Kassemi M, Kharangate CR. "Experimental and numerical investigations on flow boiling and heat transfer characteristics during the transfer line chilldown process." Thermal & Fluids Analysis Workshop (TFAWS) 2024, Cleveland, OH, USA, August 26-30, 2024. Abstracts. Thermal & Fluids Analysis Workshop (TFAWS) 2024, Cleveland, OH, USA, August 26-30, 2024. , Aug-2024
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Abstracts for Journals and Proceedings
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Mackey JR, deFiebre J, Ljubanovic D, Hall N, Farinacci C, Hartwig JW, Gedeon D, Chao D, Kharangate CR, Narayanan JK, Kassemi M, Miljkovic N, Vishwanath G. "Quench front propagation measurement and comparison with inverted annular flow regime using infrared surface temperature profile and high-speed imaging." Thermal & Fluids Analysis Workshop (TFAWS) 2024, Cleveland, OH, USA, August 26-30, 2024. Abstracts. Thermal & Fluids Analysis Workshop (TFAWS) 2024, Cleveland, OH, USA, August 26-30, 2024. , Aug-2024
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Abstracts for Journals and Proceedings
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Narayanan JK, Hartwig JW, Mackey JR, Kassemi M, Kharangate CR. "Recent ground-based test results for the closed loop two-phase flow chill-down test module for future integration with the flow boiling and condensation experiment onboard International Space Station. " 39th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research, Washington, DC, November 13-18, 2023. Abstracts. 39th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research, Washington, DC, November 13-18, 2023. , Nov-2023
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Abstracts for Journals and Proceedings
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Narayanan JK, Hylton S, Kassemi M, Hartwig JW, Mackey JR, Kharangate CR. "CFD simulations on the chilldown process of various cryogenic fluids under terrestrial and reduced gravity conditions." 39th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research, Washington, DC, November 13-18, 2023. Abstracts. 39th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research, Washington, DC, November 13-18, 2023. , Nov-2023
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Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals
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Narayanan JK, Hartwig JW, Mackey JR, Kassemi M, Kharangate CR. "Experimental investigations on the flow boiling and heat transfer characteristics during chilldown process in a closed loop chilldown test section." Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 2024 Nov 1;232:125915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.125915 , Nov-2024
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Papers from Meeting Proceedings
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Narayanan JK, Kharangate CR, Hartwig JW, Mackey JR, Kassemi M. "Experimental studies on the effect of inlet liquid subcooling on the chilldown characteristics of stainless steel tubes." 2024 AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition (AIAA SciTech Forum), Orlando, FL, January 8-12, 2024. Abstracts. 2024 AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition (AIAA SciTech Forum), Orlando, FL, January 8-12, 2024. AIAA paper AIAA-2024-0354. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0354 , Jan-2024
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Papers from Meeting Proceedings
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Narayanan JK, Kharangate CR, Hylton S, Kassemi M, Hartwig JW, Mackey JR. "Three-dimensional CFD simulations in the film boiling regime during liquid nitrogen chilldown process." 2024 AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition (AIAA SciTech Forum), Orlando, FL, January 8-12, 2024. Abstracts. 2024 AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition (AIAA SciTech Forum), Orlando, FL, January 8-12, 2024. AIAA paper AIAA-2024-0155. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0155 , Jan-2024
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