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Project Title:  Telomeres and the One Year Mission Project Reduce
Images: icon  Fiscal Year: FY 2025 
Division: Human Research 
Research Discipline/Element:
HRP SR:Space Radiation
Start Date: 01/31/2019  
End Date: 01/30/2026  
Task Last Updated: 11/20/2024 
Download Task Book report in PDF pdf
Principal Investigator/Affiliation:   Bailey, Susan M. Ph.D. / Colorado State University 
Address:  Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences 
1618 Campus Delivery 
Fort Collins , CO 80523-1618 
Email: susan.bailey@colostate.edu 
Phone: 970-491-2944  
Congressional District:
Web:  
Organization Type: UNIVERSITY 
Organization Name: Colorado State University 
Joint Agency:  
Comments:  
Co-Investigator(s)
Affiliation: 
Jeevarajan, Antony  Ph.D. NASA Johnson Space Center 
Project Information: Grant/Contract No. 80NSSC19K0434 
Responsible Center: NASA JSC 
Grant Monitor: Zawaski, Janice  
Center Contact:  
janice.zawaski@nasa.gov 
Unique ID: 12260 
Solicitation / Funding Source: 2017-2018 HERO 80JSC017N0001-BPBA Topics in Biological, Physiological, and Behavioral Adaptations to Spaceflight. Appendix C 
Grant/Contract No.: 80NSSC19K0434 
Project Type: Flight 
Flight Program:  
TechPort: No 
No. of Post Docs:  
No. of PhD Candidates:
No. of Master's Candidates:
No. of Bachelor's Candidates:  
No. of PhD Degrees:  
No. of Master's Degrees:  
No. of Bachelor's Degrees:  
Human Research Program Elements: (1) SR:Space Radiation
Human Research Program Risks: (1) Cardiovascular:Risk of Cardiovascular Adaptations Contributing to Adverse Mission Performance and Health Outcomes
Human Research Program Gaps: (1) CV-102:Determine whether space radiation induces cardiovascular structural and functional adaptations and/or oxidative stress and damage (OSaD)/inflammation that contribute to an increased risk of a cardiovascular event or and disease.
Task Description: The ultimate goal of the studies proposed here is to establish temporal profiles of human telomere length dynamics and DNA damage responses of importance for maintenance of human health and performance during long-duration deep space missions. We hypothesize that telomere length dynamics (changes over time) represent a particularly relevant and informative biomarker of health for the astronauts, as it reflects the combined experiences and exposures encountered during spaceflight. That is, an astronaut's individual genetic susceptibilities, unique lifestyle stresses encountered (e.g., nutritional, psychological, physical), and particular environmental exposures (e.g., altered atmospheres, microgravity, space radiations) are all integrated and captured as changes in telomere length. Thus, the rate at which telomeres shorten provides a general measure of health that can be linked to aging, as well as to risk of developing age-related pathologies, ranging from reduced immune function and dementia, to cardiovascular disease and cancer. Importantly, functional telomeres are also essential for maintaining genomic integrity and stability, as they protect chromosomal termini from inappropriate degradation, and prevent these natural DNA ends from being recognized as broken DNA and triggering inappropriate DNA damage responses (DDRs). To identify trends in adaptations to human health and performance during long-duration low-Earth orbit, we propose telomere length and DDR/cytogenetic measures pioneered and validated in the NASA Twins Study/first One Year Mission, across the Integrated One-Year Mission Project onboard the International Space Station and the concurrent ground analog (prolonged isolation) component.

Research Impact/Earth Benefits: Identifying interactive effects of genetic and nongenetic telomere length determinants and DDRs will improve understanding of aging and aging trajectories (disease risk), as well as guide future studies and development of mitigation strategies/countermeasures for improving health-span, not only in astronauts on long-duration missions, but for those on Earth, as well.

Task Progress & Bibliography Information FY2025 
Task Progress: Telomeres, nucleoprotein complexes that “cap” the ends of linear chromosomes, are composed of highly conserved, tandem arrays of G-rich repetitive sequence. Telomere length is an inherited trait that varies considerably between individuals, ranging from ~ 5 to 15kb in humans. Functional telomeres are essential for maintaining genome integrity and stability, as they protect chromosomal termini from inappropriate degradation and prevent these natural DNA ends from being recognized as broken DNA (double-strand breaks; DSBs) and triggering of inappropriate DNA damage responses. It has long been appreciated that telomere length erodes with cellular division due to the end-replication problem, causing them to shorten until reaching a critically short length, at which point a permanent cell cycle arrest known as cellular senescence is entered and cells stop dividing. Preservation of telomere length requires Telomerase, the specialized RNA-dependent (TERC) reverse transcriptase (TERT) capable of maintaining telomere length via de novo template-mediated addition of telomeric repeats onto the ends of newly replicated chromosomes. However, telomerase activity is repressed in most normal human tissues (thus, telomeres shorten and cells senescence; an effective tumor suppressor), and is prominent only in highly proliferative populations like germ-line, stem, and the vast majority of cancer cells (acts as an oncogene), thereby endowing them with extended or unlimited replicative potential. While it is well established that telomere length diminishes with normal aging and oxidative stress, it is becoming increasingly appreciated that telomere length is influenced by a variety of other factors as well, including biological sex, diet, lifestyle factors [e.g., smoking and obesity, physical activity, psychological stress], chronic stress and disease. Telomerase activity is also influenced by comprehensive lifestyle changes, acute psychological stress, and environmental exposures. Taken together, telomere length maintenance becomes an informative measure of general health, in that it represents a key integrating component for the cumulative effects of genetic (individual susceptibilities), environmental (air pollution, ionizing radiations), and lifestyle (nutritional, psychological, physical) factors on aging and age-related diseases.

The rate at which telomeres shorten or change over time (telomere length dynamics) provides an informative biomarker of aging that can also be linked to risk of age-related degenerative pathologies, ranging from reduced immune function [including increased risk of the common cold], loss of fertility, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and dementias, to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. Importantly, recent evidence supports telomere length not only as an informative biomarker, but even a determinant of CVD and cancer, thereby suggesting a telomere length trade-off of sorts; on the one hand, shorter telomeres, senescence, and cancer resistance in exchange for increased risk of age-related (degenerative) CVD, and on the other, longer telomeres and increased cancer risk (proliferative pathology) for reduced CVD risk. Such health effects relevant to spaceflight are largely unknown and controversial, yet they have very real potential for influencing performance during long-duration missions. Longitudinal changes in telomere length maintenance in human populations are also not well understood, particularly as associated with long-duration spaceflight, with its unique lifestyle factors and environmental exposures.

We speculated that telomere length dynamics (changes over time) represent an especially relevant and informative biomarker of health risk for astronauts, as it reflects the combined exposures and experiences encountered during spaceflight. That is, an astronaut’s individual genetic susceptibilities, unique lifestyle stressors (e.g., nutritional, physical, and psychological) and environmental exposures [e.g., microgravity and the space radiation environment, which includes galactic cosmic rays (GCR), solar particle events (SPEs), as well as secondary particles that arise from interactions with spacecraft shielding], are all integrated and captured as changes in telomere length over time. We had the remarkable opportunity to assess telomere length and telomerase activity in twin (~1year mission duration) and unrelated (~6-month mission duration) astronauts, and age/sex-matched ground control subjects: pre-flight (to establish baseline); during flight (to evaluate short-term/temporary changes); and post-flight (to evaluate long-term/permanent changes).

Our ongoing work is demonstrating changes in human telomere length dynamics specifically associated with spaceflight, supporting telomeres as integrative biomarkers that encompass the extraordinary life stressors and environmental exposures encountered. Thus, telomeres are being established as informative biomarkers of astronaut health, disease risk, and aging. Individual differences are also being observed, therefore determining responses in a larger more diverse population of astronauts as proposed as part of CIPHER represents a critical next step. Importantly, our previous results have uniquely poised and informed our current approaches aimed at improving understanding of the mechanisms underlying such dramatic changes in telomere length associated with spaceflight and exposure to the space radiation environment; specifically, preliminary evidence suggests and we are currently monitoring changes in cell population dynamics (e.g., stem/progenitor cells), and/or transient activation of the telomerase independent, recombination-mediated Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres/ALT pathway of telomere maintenance. Together with evidence of radiation-induced chromosomal/genome instability, such vital mechanistic insight will provide potential targets for the development of countermeasures, thereby benefiting and helping to enable success of future missions, as well as informing development of novel anti-aging strategies on Earth. Moreover, as Telomeres 2 and other CIPHER projects mature and complete (e.g., Vascular Aging) and more data becomes available, improved precision space medicine strategies will better inform health and aging trajectories for individual astronauts, and the view of space as a model for accelerated aging will be rigorously tested.

Bibliography: Description: (Last Updated: 12/06/2024) 

Show Cumulative Bibliography
 
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Bailey SM, Kunkel SR, Bedford JS, Cornforth MN. "The central role of cytogenetics in radiation biology." Radiat Res. 2024 Aug 1;202(2):227-59. https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-24-00038.1 ; PubMed PMID: 38981612 , Aug-2024
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Overbey EG, Kim J, Tierney BT, Park J, Houerbi N, Lucaci AG, Garcia Medina S,… Bailey SM, Granstein R, Furman D, Melnick AM, Costes SV, Shirah B, Yu M, Menon AS, Mateus J, Meydan C, Mason CE. "The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank." Nature. 2024 Aug;632(8027):1145-54. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07639-y ; PubMed PMID: 38862028; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11357981 , Aug-2024
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Mason CE, Green J, Adamopoulos KI, Afshin EE, Baechle JJ, Basner M, Bailey SM, Zea L, Mateus J, Beheshti A. "A second space age spanning omics, platforms and medicine across orbits." Nature. 2024 Aug;632(8027):995-1008. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07586-8 ; PubMed PMID: 38862027 , Aug-2024
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Al-Turki TM, Maranon DG, Nelson CB, Lewis AM, Luxton JJ, Taylor LE, Altina N, Wu F, Du H, Kim J, Damle N, Overbey E, Meydan C, Grigorev K, Winer DA, Furman D, Mason CE, Bailey SM. "Telomeric RNA (TERRA) increases in response to spaceflight and high-altitude climbing." Commun Biol. 2024 Jun 11;7(1):698. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06014-x ; PubMed PMID: 38862827; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11167063 , Jun-2024
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Garcia-Medina JS, Sienkiewicz K, Narayanan SA, Overbey EG, Grigorev K, Lajoie B, Altomare A, Kruglyak S, Levy S, Yu M, Hassane DC, Bailey SM, Bolton K, Mateus J, Mason CE. "Genome and clonal hematopoiesis stability contrasts with immune, cfDNA, mitochondrial, and telomere length changes during short duration spaceflight." Precis Clin Med. 2024 Apr 8;7(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/pcmedi/pbae007 ; PubMed PMID: 38634106; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11022651 , Apr-2024
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Mason CE, Sierra MA, Feng HJ, Bailey SM. "Telomeres and aging: on and off the planet! " Biogerontology. 2024 Apr;25(2):313-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-024-10098-7 ; PubMed PMID: 38581556; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10998805 , Apr-2024
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Bailey SM, Cross EM, Kinner-Bibeau L, Sebesta HC, Bedford JS, Tompkins CJ. "Monitoring genomic structural rearrangements resulting from gene editing." J Pers Med. 2024 Jan 19;14(1):110. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14010110 ; PubMed PMID: 38276232; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10817574 , Jan-2024
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Bailey SM. "Twins and Telomeres – in Space!" Frontiers for Young Minds Space Radiation Collection: Traveling the Cosmos – Risks, Rewards, and Radiation. https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2024.1191969 , Jan-2024
Books/Book Chapters Shirah B, Overbey EG, Foox J, Bailey SM, Mason CE. "Telomere length dynamics associated with short-duration human spaceflight." in "Neuroscience Research in Short-Duration Human Spaceflight (2025)." Ed. Bader Shirah doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-33918-9.00003-1 , Jan-2025
Journal/Magazine covers Overbey EG, Kim J, Tierney BT, Park J, Houerbi N, Lucaci AG, Garcia Medina S, Bailey SM, Granstein R, Furman D, Melnick AM, Costes SV, Shirah B, Yu M, Menon AS, Mateus J, Meydan C, Mason CE. "Cover of the journal NATURE for article, 'The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank.'" Nature. 2024 Aug;632(8027):1145-54. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07639-y , Aug-2024
Journal/Magazine covers Bailey SM, Kunkel SR, Bedford JS, Cornforth MN. "Cover in the Platinum Issue of the journal Radiation Research for article, 'The Central Role of Cytogenetics in Radiation Biology.'" Rad Res. 2024 Aug 1;202(2):227-259. https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-24-00038.1 , Aug-2024
Significant Media Coverage Bailey SM. "New studies on astronauts and space biology bring humanity one step closer to the final frontier." The Conversation. nonprofit media outlets publishing news stories and research reports online, with accompanying expert opinion and analysis., Jun-2024
Project Title:  Telomeres and the One Year Mission Project Reduce
Images: icon  Fiscal Year: FY 2024 
Division: Human Research 
Research Discipline/Element:
HRP SR:Space Radiation
Start Date: 01/31/2019  
End Date: 01/30/2026  
Task Last Updated: 12/04/2023 
Download Task Book report in PDF pdf
Principal Investigator/Affiliation:   Bailey, Susan M. Ph.D. / Colorado State University 
Address:  Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences 
1618 Campus Delivery 
Fort Collins , CO 80523-1618 
Email: susan.bailey@colostate.edu 
Phone: 970-491-2944  
Congressional District:
Web:  
Organization Type: UNIVERSITY 
Organization Name: Colorado State University 
Joint Agency:  
Comments:  
Co-Investigator(s)
Affiliation: 
Jeevarajan, Antony  Ph.D. NASA Johnson Space Center 
Project Information: Grant/Contract No. 80NSSC19K0434 
Responsible Center: NASA JSC 
Grant Monitor: Zawaski, Janice  
Center Contact:  
janice.zawaski@nasa.gov 
Unique ID: 12260 
Solicitation / Funding Source: 2017-2018 HERO 80JSC017N0001-BPBA Topics in Biological, Physiological, and Behavioral Adaptations to Spaceflight. Appendix C 
Grant/Contract No.: 80NSSC19K0434 
Project Type: Flight 
Flight Program:  
TechPort: No 
No. of Post Docs:  
No. of PhD Candidates:  
No. of Master's Candidates:
No. of Bachelor's Candidates:  
No. of PhD Degrees:  
No. of Master's Degrees:
No. of Bachelor's Degrees:  
Human Research Program Elements: (1) SR:Space Radiation
Human Research Program Risks: (1) Cardiovascular:Risk of Cardiovascular Adaptations Contributing to Adverse Mission Performance and Health Outcomes
Human Research Program Gaps: (1) CV-102:Determine whether space radiation induces cardiovascular structural and functional adaptations and/or oxidative stress and damage (OSaD)/inflammation that contribute to an increased risk of a cardiovascular event or and disease.
Task Description: The ultimate goal of the studies proposed here is to establish temporal profiles of human telomere length dynamics and DNA damage responses of importance for maintenance of human health and performance during long-duration deep space missions. We hypothesize that telomere length dynamics (changes over time) represent a particularly relevant and informative biomarker of health for the astronauts, as it reflects the combined experiences and exposures encountered during spaceflight. That is, an astronaut's individual genetic susceptibilities, unique lifestyle stresses encountered (e.g., nutritional, psychological, physical), and particular environmental exposures (e.g., altered atmospheres, microgravity, space radiations) are all integrated and captured as changes in telomere length. Thus, the rate at which telomeres shorten provides a general measure of health that can be linked to aging, as well as to risk of developing age-related pathologies, ranging from reduced immune function and dementia, to cardiovascular disease and cancer. Importantly, functional telomeres are also essential for maintaining genomic integrity and stability, as they protect chromosomal termini from inappropriate degradation, and prevent these natural DNA ends from being recognized as broken DNA and triggering inappropriate DNA damage responses (DDRs). To identify trends in adaptations to human health and performance during long-duration low-Earth orbit, we propose telomere length and DDR/cytogenetic measures pioneered and validated in the NASA Twins Study/first One Year Mission, across the Integrated One-Year Mission Project onboard the International Space Station and the concurrent ground analog (prolonged isolation) component.

Research Impact/Earth Benefits: Identifying interactive effects of genetic and nongenetic telomere length determinants and DDRs will improve understanding of aging and aging trajectories (disease risk), as well as guide future studies and development of potential strategies for improving health-span, not only in astronauts on long-duration missions, but for those on Earth, as well.

Task Progress & Bibliography Information FY2024 
Task Progress: Astronauts live and work in an extreme environment fraught with extraordinary hazards and chronic stressors, including space radiation exposure, microgravity and/or altered gravity, confinement and isolation (psychologically stressful), a closed environment (biologically hostile), altered nutrition and microbiome – all in addition to intermittent bouts of acute stress, e.g., extravehicular activities (EVAs), and endurance/aerobic exercise to maintain bone and muscle mass. Considering the combination of unique stressors and chronic space radiation exposures associated with long-duration spaceflight, as well as the adverse health effects experienced by multiple physiological systems (e.g., dysregulated immunity, inflammation, infection), we proposed that monitoring of telomere length dynamics and persistent DDRs (DNA damage responses) (genome instability) would be of particular relevance for astronauts because these informative biomarkers provide insight into individual health status during a mission, as well as potential implications and predictions for aging and disease risk later in life.

The successful mission of Artemis 1 carried with it the hopes and dreams of returning to the Moon and venturing beyond to Mars. As the number and diversity of space travelers increase in the coming years, a better understanding of how long-duration spaceflight affects human health is essential to maintaining individual astronaut performance during and improving disease and aging trajectories following, future exploration missions. Findings from our NASA Twins Study and Telomeres investigations provided clues suggestive of potential mechanistic roles for chronic space radiation exposure underlying changes in telomere length dynamics and persistent DNA damage responses associated with long-duration spaceflight (see publications below).

Exposure to the space radiation environment contributes to a number of fundamental biological features of spaceflight, including mitochondrial dysregulation and elevated oxidative stress, increased DNA damage, and dramatic shifts in telomere length dynamics. Spaceflight-specific telomere elongation was confirmed in three unrelated astronauts during one-year and six-month missions onboard the International Space Station (ISS) using multiple assays (including sequencing), and in all samples and cell types evaluated (including urine). Rapid and significant telomere shortening after return to Earth was also observed in the vast majority of crewmembers. Interestingly, a mutational analysis of C. elegans flown on the ISS for 11 days found no significant differences in mutation rates but did report slightly elongated telomeres in the worms.

We proposed that in the context of chronic exposure to the space radiation environment, persistent DDRs to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by dysfunctional mitochondria, elevated levels of oxidative damage and replication stress, and low dose rate high linear energy transfer (LET) space radiations, conspire at damaged telomeres, acting to either enhance telomerase activity, or perhaps more likely, particularly in blood lymphocytes with very low levels of telomerase activity, transiently activate telomerase-independent alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) or ALT-like recombinational pathways that are at least partially responsible for the striking shifts in telomere length dynamics observed. Interestingly and in support of such a view, we also found longer telomeres in a cohort of prostate cancer patients immediately following fractionated exposures associated with radiation therapy. Individual differences in response were observed in both cohorts, underscoring the importance of developing personalized approaches for evaluating human health effects and long-term outcomes associated with radiation exposure scenarios, whether on Earth or living in the extreme environment of space.

Ionizing radiations are exquisite in their ability to induce DNA damage in the form of prompt double-strand breaks (DSBs), which when mis-repaired can result in a variety of well-described chromosome rearrangements. Utilizing the strand-specific methodology of directional genomic hybridization (dGH), and for the first time in astronauts, we detected increased frequencies of intra-chromosomal inversions during spaceflight, which persisted after spaceflight, potentially suggestive of stem-cell damage, clonal hematopoiesis, and/or genome instability. Also consistent with exposure to the space radiation environment, strong relationships between post-spaceflight chromosome aberration frequencies, specifically inversions, and lifetime radiation dose estimates were identified, providing additional evidence of their persistence after exposure, and further support of inversions as informative biomarkers of radiation exposure associated with spaceflight.

Chronic radiation exposure is one of the primary hazards of long-duration space travel, particularly as astronauts venture deeper into space and outside of the protection the Earth provides. The mechanistic links between chronic exposure to the space radiation environment and the telomeric and DNA damage responses we observed, as well as radiation dose-dependent decreases in white blood cell (WBC) counts post-spaceflight, provide support for the development of effective radiation mitigators and individualized countermeasures for upcoming deep space exploration missions. Furthermore, a major conclusion from our previous studies is that inter-individual differences in response to the combined stressors and exposures associated with spaceflight predominate over general trends of individual factors and highlight the critical need for personalized monitoring and precision medicine strategies for future astronauts.

While the definitive mechanisms involved in these processes remain elusive, we propose a testable model based on our foundational findings: chronic exposure to the space radiation environment results in genomic DNA damage and instability, as well as transient activation of telomerase-dependent and/or independent pathways in response to chronic oxidative damage specifically to telomeres, which together with lymphocyte radiosensitivity, particularly those with short telomeres (55), and the resulting redistribution of leukocyte subsets (56), contribute to the telomere elongation observed during spaceflight. Our current studies as part of the Complement of Integrated Protocols for Human Exploration Research (CIPHER) will assess a larger, more diverse cohort of astronauts, on various duration missions (ranging from several months to one year), will serve to further elucidate and confirm underlying mechanisms of the dramatic changes in telomere length dynamics associated with spaceflight, and provide additional insight into individual differences in response and outcomes, and guide future development of effective mitigation strategies. Data collection and analysis is progressing successfully, with many sample collections (pre-flights, in-flights, and post-flights) completed and/or planned.

Bibliography: Description: (Last Updated: 12/06/2024) 

Show Cumulative Bibliography
 
Articles in Other Journals or Periodicals Al-Turki TM, Maranon DG, Nelson CB, Lewis AM, Luxton JJ, Taylor LE, Altina N, Wu F, Kim J, Damle N, Overbey E, Meydan C, Grigorev K, Furman D, Mason CE, Bailey SM, Damle N. "Telomeric RNA (TERRA) mediates telomeric DNA damage response to spaceflight and radiation exposure." Communications Biology. In press at Springer NATURE as part of a special space-themed issue related to the SpaceX Inspiration4 mission , Jan-2024
Articles in Other Journals or Periodicals Garcia Medina JS, Narayanan S, Sienkiewicz K, Overbey E, Grigorev K, Ryon K, Proszynski J, Burke M, Schmidt C, Tierney B, Mencia-Trinchant N, Klotz R, Ortiz V, Foox J, Damle N, Najjar D, Matei I, Shakib L, Kim J, Singaraju A, Taylor L, Schmidt J, Schmidt M, Blease K, Moreno J, Boddicker A, Zhao J, Lajoie B, Altomare A, Kruglyak S, Levy S, Yu M, Hassane D, Bailey S, Bolton K, Mateus J, Mason C. "Genome and clonal hematopoiesis stability contrasts with immune, cfDNA, mitochondrial, and telomere length changes associated with short duration spaceflight." NPJ Genomic Medicine. In final review as part of the Springer NATURE special space-themed issue related to the SpaceX Inspiration4 mission , Jan-2024
Articles in Other Journals or Periodicals Overbey EG et al. "The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA): A comprehensive data resource and biobank for astronauts." Nature. In press at Springer NATURE as part of a special space-themed issue related to the SpaceX Inspiration4 mission , Jan-2024
Articles in Other Journals or Periodicals Mason, CE et al. "The second space age and precision aerospace medicine." Nature. In press at Springer NATURE as part of a special space-themed issue related to the SpaceX Inspiration4 mission , Jan-2024
Articles in Other Journals or Periodicals Mason CE, Sierra MA, Feng HJ, Bailey SM. "Telomeres and Aging – on and off the planet!" Biogerontology special issue: telomeres in health and longevity. Invited review. In press. , Jan-2024
Articles in Other Journals or Periodicals Bailey SM. "Twins and telomeres – in space!" Frontiers for Young Minds Space Radiation Collection: Traveling the Cosmos – Risks, Rewards, and Radiation! Invited. In press , Jan-2024
Articles in Other Journals or Periodicals Bailey SM, Kunkel S, Bedford JS, Cornforth MN. "The enduring contributions of cytogenetics to radiation biology. " Radiation Research. Invited review for special Platinum issue. Submitted January 2024. , Jan-2024
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Barcenilla BB, Meyers AD, Castillo-González C, Young P, Min JH, Song J, Phadke C, Land E, Canaday E, Perera IY, Bailey SM, Aquilano R, Wyatt SE, Shippen DE. "Arabidopsis telomerase takes off by uncoupling enzyme activity from telomere length maintenance in space." Nat Commun. 2023 Nov 29;14:7854. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41510-4 ; PubMed PMID: 38030615; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10686995 , Nov-2023
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Bailey SM. "Editorial: Hallmark of cancer: replicative immortality." Front Oncol. 2023 Apr 25:13:1204094. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1204094 ; PubMed PMID: 37182148; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10168124 , Apr-2023
Project Title:  Telomeres and the One Year Mission Project Reduce
Images: icon  Fiscal Year: FY 2023 
Division: Human Research 
Research Discipline/Element:
HRP SR:Space Radiation
Start Date: 01/31/2019  
End Date: 01/30/2026  
Task Last Updated: 12/02/2022 
Download Task Book report in PDF pdf
Principal Investigator/Affiliation:   Bailey, Susan M. Ph.D. / Colorado State University 
Address:  Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences 
1618 Campus Delivery 
Fort Collins , CO 80523-1618 
Email: susan.bailey@colostate.edu 
Phone: 970-491-2944  
Congressional District:
Web:  
Organization Type: UNIVERSITY 
Organization Name: Colorado State University 
Joint Agency:  
Comments:  
Co-Investigator(s)
Affiliation: 
Jeevarajan, Antony  Ph.D. NASA Johnson Space Center 
Project Information: Grant/Contract No. 80NSSC19K0434 
Responsible Center: NASA JSC 
Grant Monitor: Zawaski, Janice  
Center Contact:  
janice.zawaski@nasa.gov 
Unique ID: 12260 
Solicitation / Funding Source: 2017-2018 HERO 80JSC017N0001-BPBA Topics in Biological, Physiological, and Behavioral Adaptations to Spaceflight. Appendix C 
Grant/Contract No.: 80NSSC19K0434 
Project Type: Flight 
Flight Program:  
TechPort: No 
No. of Post Docs:  
No. of PhD Candidates:
No. of Master's Candidates:  
No. of Bachelor's Candidates:
No. of PhD Degrees:  
No. of Master's Degrees:  
No. of Bachelor's Degrees:  
Human Research Program Elements: (1) SR:Space Radiation
Human Research Program Risks: (1) Cardiovascular:Risk of Cardiovascular Adaptations Contributing to Adverse Mission Performance and Health Outcomes
Human Research Program Gaps: (1) CV-102:Determine whether space radiation induces cardiovascular structural and functional adaptations and/or oxidative stress and damage (OSaD)/inflammation that contribute to an increased risk of a cardiovascular event or and disease.
Task Description: The ultimate goal of the studies proposed here is to establish temporal profiles of human telomere length dynamics and DNA damage responses of importance for maintenance of human health and performance during long-duration deep space missions. We hypothesize that telomere length dynamics (changes over time) represent a particularly relevant and informative biomarker of health for the astronauts, as it reflects the combined experiences and exposures encountered during spaceflight. That is, an astronaut's individual genetic susceptibilities, unique lifestyle stresses encountered (e.g., nutritional, psychological, physical), and particular environmental exposures (e.g., altered atmospheres, microgravity, space radiations) are all integrated and captured as changes in telomere length. Thus, the rate at which telomeres shorten provides a general measure of health that can be linked to aging, as well as to risk of developing age-related pathologies, ranging from reduced immune function and dementia, to cardiovascular disease and cancer. Importantly, functional telomeres are also essential for maintaining genomic integrity and stability, as they protect chromosomal termini from inappropriate degradation, and prevent these natural DNA ends from being recognized as broken DNA and triggering inappropriate DNA damage responses (DDRs). To identify trends in adaptations to human health and performance during long-duration low-Earth orbit, we propose telomere length and DDR/cytogenetic measures pioneered and validated in the NASA Twins Study/first One Year Mission, across the Integrated One-Year Mission Project onboard the International Space Station and the concurrent ground analog (prolonged isolation) component.

Research Impact/Earth Benefits: Identifying interactive effects of genetic and nongenetic telomere length determinants and DDRs will improve understanding of aging and aging trajectories (disease risk), as well as guide future studies and development of potential strategies for improving health-span, not only in astronauts on long-duration missions, but for those on Earth, too.

Task Progress & Bibliography Information FY2023 
Task Progress: Astronauts live and work in an extreme environment fraught with extraordinary hazards and chronic stressors, including space radiation exposure, microgravity and/or altered gravity, confinement and isolation (psychologically stressful), a closed environment (biologically hostile), altered nutrition and microbiome – all in addition to intermittent bouts of acute stress, e.g., extravehicular activities (EVAs), and endurance/aerobic exercise to maintain bone and muscle mass. Considering the combination of unique stressors and chronic space radiation exposures associated with long-duration spaceflight, as well as the adverse health effects experienced by multiple physiological systems (e.g., dysregulated immunity, inflammation, infection), we proposed that monitoring of telomere length dynamics and persistent DDRs (DNA damage responses) (genome instability) would be of particular relevance for astronauts because these informative biomarkers provide insight into individual health status during a mission, as well as potential implications and predictions for aging and disease risk later in life.

The recent launch of Artemis 1 carried with it the hopes and dreams of returning to the Moon and venturing beyond to Mars. As the number and diversity of space travelers increase in the coming years, a better understanding of how long-duration spaceflight affects human health is essential to maintaining individual astronaut performance during and improving disease and aging trajectories following future exploration missions. Findings from our NASA Twins Study and Telomeres investigations provided clues suggestive of potential mechanistic roles for chronic space radiation exposure underlying changes in telomere length dynamics and persistent DNA damage responses associated with long-duration spaceflight.

Chronic radiation exposure is one of the primary hazards of long-duration space travel, particularly as astronauts venture deeper into space and outside of the protection the Earth provides. The mechanistic links between chronic exposure to the space radiation environment and the telomeric and DNA damage responses we observed, as well as radiation dose-dependent decreases in WBC (white blood cell) counts post-spaceflight, provide support for the development of effective radiation mitigators and individualized countermeasures for upcoming deep space exploration missions. Furthermore, a major conclusion from our previous studies is that inter-individual differences in response to the combined stressors and exposures associated with spaceflight predominate over general trends of individual factors and highlight the critical need for personalized monitoring and precision medicine strategies for future astronauts.

While the definitive mechanisms involved in these processes remain elusive, we propose a testable model based on our foundational findings: in the space radiation environment, and in addition to genomic DNA damage and instability, transient activation of telomerase-dependent and/or independent pathways occurs in response to chronic oxidative damage specifically to telomeres, which together with lymphocyte radiosensitivity, particularly those with short telomeres, and the resulting redistribution of leukocyte subsets, contribute to the telomere elongation observed during spaceflight. Our current studies as part of the Complement of Integrated Protocols for Human Exploration Research (CIPHER) will assess a larger, more diverse cohort of astronauts on various duration missions (ranging from several months to one year), will serve to elucidate further and confirm underlying mechanisms of the dramatic changes in telomere length dynamics associated with spaceflight, as well as provide additional insight into individual differences in response and outcomes, and guide future development of effective mitigation strategies and/or strategies for extending healthspan. Informed Consent Briefings are ongoing, and recruitment of crewmembers into CIPHER has begun, as has baseline data collection.

Bibliography: Description: (Last Updated: 12/06/2024) 

Show Cumulative Bibliography
 
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Bailey SM, Luxton JJ, McKenna MJ, Taylor LE, George KA, Jhavar SG, Swanson GP. "Ad Astra - telomeres in space!" Int J Radiat Biol. 2022;98(3):395-403. https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2021.1956010 ; PMID: 34270368 , Jan-2022
Project Title:  Telomeres and the One Year Mission Project Reduce
Images: icon  Fiscal Year: FY 2022 
Division: Human Research 
Research Discipline/Element:
HRP SR:Space Radiation
Start Date: 01/31/2019  
End Date: 01/30/2026  
Task Last Updated: 11/29/2021 
Download Task Book report in PDF pdf
Principal Investigator/Affiliation:   Bailey, Susan M. Ph.D. / Colorado State University 
Address:  Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences 
1618 Campus Delivery 
Fort Collins , CO 80523-1618 
Email: susan.bailey@colostate.edu 
Phone: 970-491-2944  
Congressional District:
Web:  
Organization Type: UNIVERSITY 
Organization Name: Colorado State University 
Joint Agency:  
Comments:  
Co-Investigator(s)
Affiliation: 
Jeevarajan, Antony  Ph.D. NASA Johnson Space Center 
Project Information: Grant/Contract No. 80NSSC19K0434 
Responsible Center: NASA JSC 
Grant Monitor: Zawaski, Janice  
Center Contact:  
janice.zawaski@nasa.gov 
Unique ID: 12260 
Solicitation / Funding Source: 2017-2018 HERO 80JSC017N0001-BPBA Topics in Biological, Physiological, and Behavioral Adaptations to Spaceflight. Appendix C 
Grant/Contract No.: 80NSSC19K0434 
Project Type: Flight 
Flight Program:  
TechPort: No 
No. of Post Docs:  
No. of PhD Candidates:
No. of Master's Candidates:  
No. of Bachelor's Candidates:
No. of PhD Degrees:  
No. of Master's Degrees:  
No. of Bachelor's Degrees:  
Human Research Program Elements: (1) SR:Space Radiation
Human Research Program Risks: (1) Cardiovascular:Risk of Cardiovascular Adaptations Contributing to Adverse Mission Performance and Health Outcomes
Human Research Program Gaps: (1) CV-102:Determine whether space radiation induces cardiovascular structural and functional adaptations and/or oxidative stress and damage (OSaD)/inflammation that contribute to an increased risk of a cardiovascular event or and disease.
Task Description: The ultimate goal of the studies proposed here is to establish temporal profiles of human telomere length dynamics and DNA damage responses of importance for maintenance of human health and performance during long-duration deep space missions. We hypothesize that telomere length dynamics (changes over time) represent a particularly relevant and informative biomarker of health for the astronauts, as it reflects the combined experiences and exposures encountered during spaceflight. That is, an astronaut's individual genetic susceptibilities, unique lifestyle stresses encountered (e.g., nutritional, psychological, physical), and particular environmental exposures (e.g., altered atmospheres, microgravity, space radiations) are all integrated and captured as changes in telomere length. Thus, the rate at which telomeres shorten provides a general measure of health that can be linked to aging, as well as to risk of developing age-related pathologies, ranging from reduced immune function and dementia, to cardiovascular disease and cancer. Importantly, functional telomeres are also essential for maintaining genomic integrity and stability, as they protect chromosomal termini from inappropriate degradation, and prevent these natural DNA ends from being recognized as broken DNA and triggering inappropriate DNA damage responses (DDRs). To identify trends in adaptations to human health and performance during long-duration low-Earth orbit, we propose telomere length and DDR/cytogenetic measures pioneered and validated in the NASA Twins Study/first One Year Mission, across the Integrated One-Year Mission Project onboard the International Space Station and the concurrent ground analog (prolonged isolation) component.

Research Impact/Earth Benefits: Identifying interactive effects of genetic and nongenetic telomere length determinants and DDRs will improve understanding of aging and aging trajectories (disease risk), as well as guide future studies and development of potential strategies for improving health-span, not only in astronauts on long-duration missions, but for those on Earth, too.

Task Progress & Bibliography Information FY2022 
Task Progress: To date, and taken together, our results suggest that chronic low-dose, low-dose rate exposure to the space radiation environment contributes to the changes in telomere length dynamics and DDRs observed. Chronic oxidative stress correlated with telomere length dynamics and damaged telomeres, and heterogeneous telomere lengths, were consistent with transient activation of ALT (telomerase independent telomere length maintenance mechanism). Cytogenetic analyses revealed direct evidence of IR (irradiation)-induced DNA damage (chromosome abnormalities) during spaceflight (inversions, satellite associations), some of which persisted after spaceflight (inversions). Reduced white blood cell counts correlated with radiation dose, reflective of lymphocyte radiosensitivity (cell killing), and suggestive of redistribution of leukocyte subsets as previously reported. Thus, changing cell population dynamics in response to chronic space radiation exposure may be at least partially responsible for our observations. Telomeres 2 will further explore and validate these foundational results, as well as provide critical mechanistic insight necessary for better understanding potential adverse health and/or aging impacts of long-duration spaceflight.

Bibliography: Description: (Last Updated: 12/06/2024) 

Show Cumulative Bibliography
 
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Cornforth MN, Bedford JS, Bailey SM. "Destabilizing effects of ionizing radiation on chromosomes: Sizing up the damage." Cytogenet Genome Res. 2021 Sep;161(6-7):328-51. Review. https://doi.org/10.1159/000516523 ; PMID: 34488218 , Sep-2021
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Grigorev K, Foox J, Bezdan D, Butler D, Luxton JJ, Reed J, McKenna MJ, Taylor L, George KA, Meydan C, Bailey SM, Mason CE. "Haplotype diversity and sequence heterogeneity of human telomeres." Genome Res. 2021 Jul;31(7):1269-79. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.274639.120 ; PMID: 34162698; PMCID: PMC8256856 . , Jul-2021
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Luxton JJ, Bailey SM. "Twins, telomeres, and aging-in space!" Plast Reconstr Surg. 2021 Jan 1;147(1S-2S):7S-14S. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000007616 ; PMID: 33347069 , Jan-2021
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Cunningham K, Hinton TG, Luxton JJ, Bordman A, Okuda K, Taylor LE, Hayes J, Gerke HC, Chinn SM, Anderson D, Laudenslager ML, Takase T, Nemoto Y, Ishiniwa H, Beasley JC, Bailey SM. "Evaluation of DNA damage and stress in wildlife chronically exposed to low-dose, low-dose rate radiation from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident." Environ Int. 2021 Oct;155:106675. Epub 2021 Jun 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106675 ; PMID: 34120002 , Oct-2021
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Nelson CB, Alturki TM, Luxton JJ, Taylor LE, Maranon DG, Muraki K, Murnane JP, Bailey SM. "Telomeric double strand breaks in G1 human cells facilitate formation of 5' C-rich overhangs and recruitment of TERRA." Front Genet. 2021 Mar 25;12:644803. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.644803 ; PMID: 33841503; PMCID: PMC8027502 , Mar-2021
Project Title:  Telomeres and the One Year Mission Project Reduce
Images: icon  Fiscal Year: FY 2021 
Division: Human Research 
Research Discipline/Element:
HRP SR:Space Radiation
Start Date: 01/31/2019  
End Date: 01/30/2026  
Task Last Updated: 11/30/2020 
Download Task Book report in PDF pdf
Principal Investigator/Affiliation:   Bailey, Susan M. Ph.D. / Colorado State University 
Address:  Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences 
1618 Campus Delivery 
Fort Collins , CO 80523-1618 
Email: susan.bailey@colostate.edu 
Phone: 970-491-2944  
Congressional District:
Web:  
Organization Type: UNIVERSITY 
Organization Name: Colorado State University 
Joint Agency:  
Comments:  
Co-Investigator(s)
Affiliation: 
Jeevarajan, Antony  Ph.D. NASA Johnson Space Center 
Project Information: Grant/Contract No. 80NSSC19K0434 
Responsible Center: NASA JSC 
Grant Monitor: Zawaski, Janice  
Center Contact:  
janice.zawaski@nasa.gov 
Unique ID: 12260 
Solicitation / Funding Source: 2017-2018 HERO 80JSC017N0001-BPBA Topics in Biological, Physiological, and Behavioral Adaptations to Spaceflight. Appendix C 
Grant/Contract No.: 80NSSC19K0434 
Project Type: Flight 
Flight Program:  
TechPort: No 
No. of Post Docs:  
No. of PhD Candidates:
No. of Master's Candidates:  
No. of Bachelor's Candidates:
No. of PhD Degrees:
No. of Master's Degrees:  
No. of Bachelor's Degrees:  
Human Research Program Elements: (1) SR:Space Radiation
Human Research Program Risks: (1) Cardiovascular:Risk of Cardiovascular Adaptations Contributing to Adverse Mission Performance and Health Outcomes
Human Research Program Gaps: (1) CV-102:Determine whether space radiation induces cardiovascular structural and functional adaptations and/or oxidative stress and damage (OSaD)/inflammation that contribute to an increased risk of a cardiovascular event or and disease.
Task Description: The ultimate goal of the studies proposed here is to establish temporal profiles of human telomere length dynamics and DNA damage responses of importance for maintenance of human health and performance during long-duration deep space missions. We hypothesize that telomere length dynamics (changes over time) represent a particularly relevant and informative biomarker of health for the astronauts, as it reflects the combined experiences and exposures encountered during spaceflight. That is, an astronaut's individual genetic susceptibilities, unique lifestyle stresses encountered (e.g., nutritional, psychological, physical), and particular environmental exposures (e.g., altered atmospheres, microgravity, space radiations) are all integrated and captured as changes in telomere length. Thus, the rate at which telomeres shorten provides a general measure of health that can be linked to aging, as well as to risk of developing age-related pathologies, ranging from reduced immune function and dementia, to cardiovascular disease and cancer. Importantly, functional telomeres are also essential for maintaining genomic integrity and stability, as they protect chromosomal termini from inappropriate degradation, and prevent these natural DNA ends from being recognized as broken DNA and triggering inappropriate DNA damage responses (DDRs). To identify trends in adaptations to human health and performance during long-duration low-Earth orbit, we propose telomere length and DDR/cytogenetic measures pioneered and validated in the NASA Twins Study/first One Year Mission, across the Integrated One-Year Mission Project onboard the International Space Station and the concurrent ground analog (prolonged isolation) component.

Research Impact/Earth Benefits: Identifying interactive effects of genetic and nongenetic telomere length determinants and DDRs will improve understanding of aging and aging trajectories (disease risk), as well as guide future studies and development of potential strategies for improving health-span not only in astronauts on long-duration missions, but for those on Earth, too.

Task Progress & Bibliography Information FY2021 
Task Progress: Complement of Integrated Protocols for Human Exploration Research (CIPHER) Selected for Flight (Oct 2020). First mission launch ~December 2021; first BDC ~April/May 2021. Working on details of sample collection before, during, and after spaceflight.

Together with cell-by-cell analyses, approaches for more high throughput analyses (e.g., ddPCR) are being tested and optimized.

We are developing machine learning strategies for predicting telomere length outcomes, which will become more and more reliable/informative as the models see more data. We are also seeking ways to test mechanisms; e.g., to assess the influence of chronic oxidative stress on telomere length. We evaluated telomere length in blood samples from humans climbing Mt. Everest, and matched twin non-climbing controls.

Established Telomeres 2 stem/progenitor cell evaluation as part of Standard Measures; collaborating with Brian Crucian.

Established NASA and home institution (Colorado State University-CSU) Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) – continuing process. Awaiting crew selection and recruitment into the Telomeres 2 study.

Bibliography: Description: (Last Updated: 12/06/2024) 

Show Cumulative Bibliography
 
Articles in Other Journals or Periodicals Grigoriev K, Foox J, Bexdan D, Butler D, Luxton JJ, Reed J, McKenna MJ, Taylor L, George KA, Meydan C, Bailey SM, Mason CE. "Haplotype Diversity and Sequence Heterogeneity of Human Telomeres." Genome Research, in press as of December 2020. bioRxiv preprint server. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.31.929307 , Dec-2020
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Afshinnekoo E, Scott RT, MacKay MJ, Pariset E, Cekanaviciute E, Barker R, Gilroy S, Hassane D, Smith SM, Zwart SR, Nelman-Gonzalez M, Crucian BE, Ponomarev SA, Orlov OI, Shiba D, Muratani M, Yamamoto M, Richards SE, Vaishampayan PA, Meydan C, Foox J, Myrrhe J, Istasse E, Singh N, Venkateswaran K, Keune JA, Ray HE, Basner M, Miller J, Vitaterna MH, Taylor DM, Wallace D, Rubins K, Bailey SM, Grabham P, Costes SV, Mason CE, Beheshti A. "Fundamental biological features of spaceflight: Advancing the field to enable deep-space exploration." Cell. 2020 Nov 25;183(5):1162-84. Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.050 ; PMID: 33242416 , Nov-2020
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Luxton JJ, McKenna MJ, Taylor LE, George KA, Zwart SR, Crucian BE, Drel VR, Garrett-Bakelman FE, Mackay MJ, Butler D, Foox J, Grigorev K, Bezdan D, Meydan C, Smith SM, Sharma K, Mason CE, Bailey SM. "Temporal telomere and DNA damage responses in the space radiation environment." Cell Rep. 2020 Dec 8;33(10):108435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108435 ; PMID: 33242411 , Dec-2020
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Luxton JJ, McKenna MJ, Lewis A, Taylor LE, George KA, Dixit SM, Moniz M, Benegas W, Mackay MJ, Mozsary C, Butler D, Bezdan D, Meydan C, Crucian BE, Zwart SR, Smith SM, Mason CE, Bailey SM. "Telomere length dynamics and DNA damage responses associated with long-duration spaceflight." Cell Rep. 2020 Dec 8;33(10):108457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108457 ; PMID: 33242406 , Dec-2020
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Trinchant NM, MacKay MJ, Chin C, Afshinnekoo E, Foox J, Meydan C, Butler D, Mozsary C, Vernice NA, Darby C, Schatz MC, Bailey SM, Melnick AM, Guzman M, Bolton K, Braunstein LZ, Garrett-Bakelman F, Levine RL, Hassane D, Mason CE. "Clonal hematopoiesis before, during, and after human spaceflight." Cell Rep. 2020 Dec 8;33(10):108458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108458 ; PMID: 33242405 , Dec-2020
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Bezdan D, Grigorev K, Meydan C, Pelissier Vatter FA, Cioffi M, Rao V, MacKay M, Nakahira K, Burnham P, Afshinnekoo E, Westover C, Butler D, Moszary C, Donahoe T, Foox J, Mishra T, Lucotti S, Rana BK, Melnick AM, Zhang H, Matei I, Kelsen D, Yu K, Lyden DC, Taylor L, Bailey SM, Snyder MP, Garrett-Bakelman FE, Ossowski S, De Vlaminck I, Mason CE. "Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and exosome profiling from a year-long human spaceflight reveals circulating biomarkers." iScience. 2020 Dec 18;23(12):101844. Available online 25 November 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101844 ; PMID: 33376973; PMCID: PMC7756145 , Dec-2020
Project Title:  Telomeres and the One Year Mission Project Reduce
Images: icon  Fiscal Year: FY 2019 
Division: Human Research 
Research Discipline/Element:
HRP SR:Space Radiation
Start Date: 01/31/2019  
End Date: 01/30/2026  
Task Last Updated: 03/29/2019 
Download Task Book report in PDF pdf
Principal Investigator/Affiliation:   Bailey, Susan M. Ph.D. / Colorado State University 
Address:  Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences 
1618 Campus Delivery 
Fort Collins , CO 80523-1618 
Email: susan.bailey@colostate.edu 
Phone: 970-491-2944  
Congressional District:
Web:  
Organization Type: UNIVERSITY 
Organization Name: Colorado State University 
Joint Agency:  
Comments:  
Co-Investigator(s)
Affiliation: 
Jeevarajan, Antony  Ph.D. NASA Johnson Space Center 
Project Information: Grant/Contract No. 80NSSC19K0434 
Responsible Center: NASA JSC 
Grant Monitor: Simonsen, Lisa  
Center Contact:  
lisa.c.simonsen@nasa.gov 
Unique ID: 12260 
Solicitation / Funding Source: 2017-2018 HERO 80JSC017N0001-BPBA Topics in Biological, Physiological, and Behavioral Adaptations to Spaceflight. Appendix C 
Grant/Contract No.: 80NSSC19K0434 
Project Type: Flight 
Flight Program:  
TechPort: No 
No. of Post Docs:  
No. of PhD Candidates:  
No. of Master's Candidates:  
No. of Bachelor's Candidates:  
No. of PhD Degrees:  
No. of Master's Degrees:  
No. of Bachelor's Degrees:  
Human Research Program Elements: (1) SR:Space Radiation
Human Research Program Risks: (1) Cardiovascular:Risk of Cardiovascular Adaptations Contributing to Adverse Mission Performance and Health Outcomes
Human Research Program Gaps: (1) CV-102:Determine whether space radiation induces cardiovascular structural and functional adaptations and/or oxidative stress and damage (OSaD)/inflammation that contribute to an increased risk of a cardiovascular event or and disease.
Task Description: The ultimate goal of the studies proposed here is to establish temporal profiles of human telomere length dynamics and DNA damage responses of importance for maintenance of human health and performance during long-duration deep space missions. We hypothesize that telomere length dynamics (changes over time) represent a particularly relevant and informative biomarker of health for the astronauts, as it reflects the combined experiences and exposures encountered during spaceflight. That is, an astronaut's individual genetic susceptibilities, unique lifestyle stresses encountered (e.g., nutritional, psychological, physical), and particular environmental exposures (e.g., microgravity, galactic cosmic rays) are all integrated and captured as changes in telomere length. Thus, the rate at which telomeres shorten provides a general measure of health that can be linked to aging, as well as to risk of developing degenerative age-related pathologies, ranging from reduced immune function and dementia, to cardiovascular disease and cancer. Importantly, functional telomeres are also essential for maintaining genomic integrity and stability, as they protect chromosomal termini from inappropriate degradation, and prevent these natural DNA ends from being recognized as broken DNA and triggering inappropriate DNA damage responses (DDRs). To identify trends in adaptations to human health and performance during long-duration low-Earth orbit, we propose telomere length and DDR/cytogenetic measures pioneered and validated in the NASA Twins Study/first One Year Mission, across the Integrated One-Year Mission Project onboard the International Space Station and the concurrent ground analog (prolonged isolation) component.

Research Impact/Earth Benefits:

Task Progress & Bibliography Information FY2019 
Task Progress: New project for FY2019.

Bibliography: Description: (Last Updated: 12/06/2024) 

Show Cumulative Bibliography
 
 None in FY 2019