Long-duration space flight will likely produce neurovestibular challenges that could have severe negative consequences on astronaut safety and mission success. Basic neurovestibular functions such as fine-motor and sensorimotor control are essential for vehicle control and operation of key scientific experiments. It is therefore imperative that astronauts are able to successfully adapt neurovestibular systems upon exposure to new challenging environments. However, the adaptation process can be adversely impacted by a variety of factors, including stressors from disruptions to sleep, the environment, having to perform, and engaging with new people, all of which are anticipated in a mission setting. The challenge to neurovestibular systems during space flight, compounded with other stressors, will impact the ability to maintain safe and effective space travel and eventual long-term habitation; yet this remains understudied.

When experiencing these compounding stressors, the physiological stress response may influence neurovestibular responses. Specifically, the level of stress may impact how well the neurovestibular system adapts to change. In addition, any such mission will have a crew, where a team of individuals are dependent on each other. NASA has conducted substantial research about the negative stress associated with interpersonal issues in isolation and confinement that contribute to compounded stressors. However, the positive factors of team support may dampen the negative effects of a greater stress response, with positive implications on the function of other physiological systems, including the vestibular system.

This project will study 1) how stress response can impact neurovestibular adaptation and 2) how social support may ameliorate the detrimental effects of stress response on neurovestibular adaptation. With these insights, we can develop countermeasures to mitigate space flight risks related to human health countermeasures and human factors and behavioral performance.