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Project Title:  Exploring the Relationship between In-flight Training Load Data and Musculoskeletal Health Outcomes Reduce
Fiscal Year: FY 2017 
Division: Human Research 
Research Discipline/Element:
HRP HHC:Human Health Countermeasures
 Start Date: 10/01/2014  
End Date: 09/30/2017  
Task Last Updated: 09/19/2018 		 Download report in PDF pdf
Principal Investigator/Affiliation:   Ploutz-Snyder, Lori L. Ph.D. / University of Michigan 
Address:  OBL 4170, 1402 Washington Hts. 
School of Kinesiology 
Ann Arbor , MI 48109-2013 		 Email: lorips@umich.edu 
Phone: (734) 764-5210  
Congressional District: 12 
Web:  
 Organization Type: UNIVERSITY 
Organization Name: University of Michigan 
Joint Agency:  
Comments: Previously at Universities Space Research Association/NASA Johnson Space Center until July 2016.  
Co-Investigator(s)
Affiliation: 
De Witt, John  Ph.D. Wyle Laboratories, Inc. 
Hanson, Andrea  Ph.D. Wyle Laboratories, Inc. 
Peters, Brian  Ph.D. Wyle Laboratories, Inc. 
Scott-Pandorf, Melissa  Ph.D. Wyle Laboratories, Inc. 
Project Information: Grant/Contract No. Internal Project 
Responsible Center: NASA JSC 
Grant Monitor: Norsk, Peter  
Center Contact:  
Peter.norsk@nasa.gov 
Unique ID: 10028  		Solicitation / Funding Source: 2013 HERO NNJ13ZSA002N-Crew Health OMNIBUS 
Grant/Contract No.: Internal Project 
Project Type: FLIGHT 
Flight Program: ISS 
TechPort: No  		No. of Post Docs: 0 
No. of PhD Candidates: 0 
No. of Master's Candidates: 0 
No. of Bachelor's Candidates: 0  		No. of PhD Degrees: 0 
No. of Master's Degrees: 0 
No. of Bachelor's Degrees: 0 
Human Research Program Elements: (1) HHC:Human Health Countermeasures
Human Research Program Risks: (1) Muscle:Risk of Impaired Performance Due to Reduced Muscle Size, Strength and Endurance
Human Research Program Gaps: (1) M7:Develop the most efficient and effective exercise program for the maintenance of muscle function.
Flight Assignment/Project Notes: Postflight data from ISS

NOTE: Extended to 9/30/2017 per HRP (Ed., 1/23/17)

NOTE: Extended to 10/1/2016, from original end date of 9/30/2015, per PI (Ed., 7/14/15)

Task Description: Crewmembers perform exercise programs during long-duration spaceflight to counter the detrimental effects of extended microgravity exposure. Training programs include treadmill, resistance, and cycle ergometer exercise. Exercise is performed daily by each crewmember, although volume, duration, and intensity differ across individuals. Comparison of pre- to post-flight testing measures indicates that bone, muscle, and metabolic health changes vary between individuals. In this retrospective analysis, we intend to obtain the pre- and post-flight MEDB5.2 outcome measures related to bone and muscle for all crewmembers that have completed missions on the International Space Station using the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) and T2 as their resistance and treadmill exercise devices. We intend to quantify the amount of axial loading experienced by an individual throughout their mission on ARED and T2. The results of this study will allow the identification of critical parameters that are related to exercise program success and allow for prescription optimization.

Research Impact/Earth Benefits: Understanding how loading across multiple exercise modes influences fitness outcomes could help enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of exercise programs on Earth, especially in situations of resource (time, space, equipment, etc.) constraints.

Task Progress & Bibliography Information FY2017 
Task Progress: The purpose of this investigation was to identify the in-flight external loading factors that are associated with maintenance of skeletal muscle strength and bone mineral density during long duration spaceflight. We hypothesized that 1) Subjects who accumulated the highest magnitude ground reaction forces as normalized by body weight sustained on a week by week basis though Treadmill and resistance exercise will have protected BMD (bone mineral density) at the hip better than others in the sample group; 2) Subjects who accumulated high external loads early in their mission will have demonstrated better bone health outcomes; and 3) Subjects who accumulate greater external loading and exercise volume relative to their body weight on a week by week basis via treadmill and resistance exercise will experience the least change in muscle strength and may experience increased muscle strength as measured by isokinetic and isometric strength testing pre and post flight.

Bibliography: Description: (Last Updated: 04/29/2023) 

Show Cumulative Bibliography
 
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Hackney KJ, Downs ME, Ploutz-Snyder L. "Blood flow restricted exercise compared to high load resistance exercise during unloading." Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016 Aug;87(8):688-96. https://doi.org/10.3357/AMHP.4566.2016 ; PubMed PMID: 27634603 , Aug-2016
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Hackney KJ, Scott JM, Hanson AM, English KL, Downs ME, Ploutz-Snyder LL. "The astronaut-athlete: Optimizing human performance in space." J Strength Cond Res. 2015 Dec;29(12):3531-45. Review. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001191 ; PubMed PMID: 26595138 , Dec-2015
Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals Scott JM, Feiveson AH, English KL, Spector ER, Sibonga JD, Lichar Dillon E, Ploutz-Snyder L, Everett ME. "Effects of exercise countermeasures on multisystem function in long duration spaceflight astronauts." npj Microgravity. 2023 Feb 3;9:11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-023-00256-5 ; PMID: 36737441; PMCID: PMC9898566 , Feb-2023
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Project Title:  Exploring the Relationship between In-flight Training Load Data and Musculoskeletal Health Outcomes Reduce
Fiscal Year: FY 2016 
Division: Human Research 
Research Discipline/Element:
HRP HHC:Human Health Countermeasures
 Start Date: 10/01/2014  
End Date: 09/30/2017  
Task Last Updated: 04/28/2016 		 Download report in PDF pdf
Principal Investigator/Affiliation:   Ploutz-Snyder, Lori L. Ph.D. / University of Michigan 
Address:  OBL 4170, 1402 Washington Hts. 
School of Kinesiology 
Ann Arbor , MI 48109-2013 		 Email: lorips@umich.edu 
Phone: (734) 764-5210  
Congressional District: 12 
Web:  
 Organization Type: UNIVERSITY 
Organization Name: University of Michigan 
Joint Agency:  
Comments: Previously at Universities Space Research Association/NASA Johnson Space Center until July 2016.  
Co-Investigator(s)
Affiliation: 
De Witt, John  Ph.D. Wyle Laboratories, Inc. 
Hanson, Andrea  Ph.D. Wyle Laboratories, Inc. 
Peters, Brian  Ph.D. Wyle Laboratories, Inc. 
Scott-Pandorf, Melissa  Ph.D. Wyle Laboratories, Inc. 
Project Information: Grant/Contract No. Internal Project 
Responsible Center: NASA JSC 
Grant Monitor: Norsk, Peter  
Center Contact:  
Peter.norsk@nasa.gov 
Unique ID: 10028  		Solicitation / Funding Source: 2013 HERO NNJ13ZSA002N-Crew Health OMNIBUS 
Grant/Contract No.: Internal Project 
Project Type: FLIGHT 
Flight Program: ISS 
TechPort: No  		No. of Post Docs: 0 
No. of PhD Candidates: 0 
No. of Master's Candidates: 0 
No. of Bachelor's Candidates: 0  		No. of PhD Degrees: 0 
No. of Master's Degrees: 0 
No. of Bachelor's Degrees: 0 
Human Research Program Elements: (1) HHC:Human Health Countermeasures
Human Research Program Risks: (1) Muscle:Risk of Impaired Performance Due to Reduced Muscle Size, Strength and Endurance
Human Research Program Gaps: (1) M7:Develop the most efficient and effective exercise program for the maintenance of muscle function.
Flight Assignment/Project Notes: Postflight data from ISS

NOTE: Extended to 9/30/2017 per HRP (Ed., 1/23/17)

NOTE: Extended to 10/1/2016, from original end date of 9/30/2015, per PI (Ed., 7/14/15)

Task Description: Crewmembers perform exercise programs during long-duration spaceflight to counter the detrimental effects of extended microgravity exposure. Training programs include treadmill, resistance, and cycle ergometer exercise. Exercise is performed daily by each crewmember, although volume, duration, and intensity differ across individuals. Comparison of pre- to post-flight testing measures indicates that bone, muscle, and metabolic health changes vary between individuals. In this retrospective analysis, we intend to obtain the pre- and post-flight MEDB5.2 outcome measures related to bone and muscle for all crewmembers that have completed missions on the International Space Station using the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) and T2 as their resistance and treadmill exercise devices. We intend to quantify the amount of axial loading experienced by an individual throughout their mission on ARED and T2. The results of this study will allow the identification of critical parameters that are related to exercise program success and allow for prescription optimization.

Research Impact/Earth Benefits: Understanding how loading across multiple exercise modes influences fitness outcomes could help enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of exercise programs on Earth, especially in situations of resource (time, space, equipment, etc.) constraints.

Task Progress & Bibliography Information FY2016 
Task Progress: Overview. In-flight exercise hardware collect data that allow for exploratory analyses to determine if specific performance factors relate to physiological outcomes. The relationship between exercise performance variables and physiological changes during flight has yet to be fully investigated. Identifying the critical performance variables that relate to improved physiological outcomes is vital for creating current and future exercise prescriptions to optimize astronaut health.

The specific aims of this project are: 1) To quantify the exercise-related mechanical loading experienced by crewmembers on T2 and ARED during their mission on the International Space Station (ISS); 2) To explore relationships between exercise loading variables, bone, and muscle health changes during the mission; 3) To determine if specific mechanical loading variables are more critical than others in protecting physiology; 4) To develop methodology for operational use in monitoring accumulated training loads during crew exercise programs.

This retrospective analysis will be conducted using data from NASA and USOS international partner astronauts that have flown long-duration missions onboard the ISS and have had access to exercise on the T2 and the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED). General exercise summary metrics will be developed to quantify exercise intensities, volumes, and durations for each subject. Where available, ground reaction force data will be used to quantify mechanical loading experienced by each astronaut. These inflight exercise metrics will be investigated relative to changes in pre- to post-flight MED-B tests related to bone and muscle health to identify which specific variables are related with improved or degraded physiological outcomes.

The information generated from this analysis will fill gaps related to typical bone loading characterization, exercise performance capability, exercise volume and efficiency, and importance of exercise hardware. In addition, methods for quantification of exercise loading for use in monitoring the exercise programs during future space missions will be explored with the intent to inform exercise scientists and trainers as to the critical aspects of inflight exercise prescriptions.

Study Progress. We have requested, and are in the process of receiving data from the Longitudinal Survey of Astronaut Health (LSAH). Preliminary analyses have started on the data obtained to date.

Bibliography: Description: (Last Updated: 04/29/2023) 

Show Cumulative Bibliography
 
 None in FY 2016
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Project Title:  Exploring the Relationship between In-flight Training Load Data and Musculoskeletal Health Outcomes Reduce
Fiscal Year: FY 2015 
Division: Human Research 
Research Discipline/Element:
HRP HHC:Human Health Countermeasures
 Start Date: 10/01/2014  
End Date: 10/01/2016  
Task Last Updated: 11/20/2014 		 Download report in PDF pdf
Principal Investigator/Affiliation:   Ploutz-Snyder, Lori L. Ph.D. / University of Michigan 
Address:  OBL 4170, 1402 Washington Hts. 
School of Kinesiology 
Ann Arbor , MI 48109-2013 		 Email: lorips@umich.edu 
Phone: (734) 764-5210  
Congressional District: 12 
Web:  
 Organization Type: UNIVERSITY 
Organization Name: University of Michigan 
Joint Agency:  
Comments: Previously at Universities Space Research Association/NASA Johnson Space Center until July 2016.  
Co-Investigator(s)
Affiliation: 
De Witt, John  Ph.D. Wyle Laboratories, Inc. 
Hanson, Andrea  Ph.D. Wyle Laboratories, Inc. 
Peters, Brian  Ph.D. Wyle Laboratories, Inc. 
Scott-Pandorf, Melissa  Ph.D. Wyle Laboratories, Inc. 
Project Information: Grant/Contract No. Internal Project 
Responsible Center: NASA JSC 
Grant Monitor: Norsk, Peter  
Center Contact:  
Peter.norsk@nasa.gov 
Unique ID: 10028  		Solicitation / Funding Source: 2013 HERO NNJ13ZSA002N-Crew Health OMNIBUS 
Grant/Contract No.: Internal Project 
Project Type: FLIGHT 
Flight Program: ISS 
TechPort: No  		No. of Post Docs:  
No. of PhD Candidates:  
No. of Master's Candidates:  
No. of Bachelor's Candidates:   		No. of PhD Degrees:  
No. of Master's Degrees:  
No. of Bachelor's Degrees:  
Human Research Program Elements: (1) HHC:Human Health Countermeasures
Human Research Program Risks: (1) Muscle:Risk of Impaired Performance Due to Reduced Muscle Size, Strength and Endurance
Human Research Program Gaps: (1) M7:Develop the most efficient and effective exercise program for the maintenance of muscle function.
Flight Assignment/Project Notes: Postflight data from ISS

NOTE: Extended to 10/1/2016, from original end date of 9/30/2015, per PI (Ed., 7/14/15)

Task Description: Crewmembers perform exercise programs during long-duration spaceflight to counter the detrimental effects of extended microgravity exposure. Training programs include treadmill, resistance, and cycle ergometer exercise. Exercise is performed daily by each crewmember, although volume, duration, and intensity differ across individuals. Comparison of pre- to post-flight testing measures indicates that bone, muscle, and metabolic health changes vary between individuals. In this retrospective analysis, we intend to obtain the pre- and post-flight MEDB5.2 outcome measures related to bone and muscle for all crewmembers that have completed missions on the International Space Station using ARED and T2 as their resistance and treadmill exercise devices. We intend to quantify the amount of axial loading experienced by an individual throughout their mission on ARED and T2. The results of this study will allow the identification of critical parameters that are related to exercise program success and allow for prescription optimization.

Research Impact/Earth Benefits:

Task Progress & Bibliography Information FY2015 
Task Progress: New project for FY2015.

Bibliography: Description: (Last Updated: 04/29/2023) 

Show Cumulative Bibliography
 
 None in FY 2015
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