Responsible Center: NASA JSC
Grant Monitor: Brocato, Becky
Center Contact: becky.brocato@nasa.gov
Unique ID: 16064
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Solicitation / Funding Source: Directed Research
Grant/Contract No.: Directed Research
Project Type: Flight,Ground
Flight Program: ISS
TechPort: No |
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Human Research Program Elements: |
(1) HHC:Human Health Countermeasures
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Human Research Program Risks: |
(1) Bone Fracture:Risk of Bone Fracture due to Spaceflight-induced Changes to Bone (2) EVA:Risk of Mission Impacting Injury and Compromised Performance and Long-Term Health Effects due to EVA Operations (3) Muscle and Aerobic:Risk of Mission Performance Decrements and Adverse Health Outcomes Resulting from Reduced Cardiorespiratory and Musculoskeletal Fitness (4) Sensorimotor:Risk of Altered Sensorimotor/Vestibular Function Impacting Critical Mission Tasks
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Human Research Program Gaps: |
(1) Bone-101:Characterize skeletal changes on bone mass (Bone Density) and bone structure (Bone Quality) of astronauts. (2) Bone-102:Characterize bone turnover and other biomolecular markers of skeletal health. (3) Bone-401:Identify and test preventative and mitigating countermeasures for changes induced by spaceflight. (4) Bone-402:Validate countermeasures for maintaining preflight bone standard. (5) EVA-101:Characterize EVA preparedness shortly post-landing on a planetary surface. (6) EVA-302:Identify and test countermeasures to any physiological decrements associated with increased planetary EVA cadence (ie, exercise and nutrition) (7) MA-101:Characterize the effects of the spaceflight environment, including reduced gravity (i.e., weightlessness, partial gravity), countermeasures, and individual variability, on physiological and functional measures of muscular and cardio-respiratory fitness and performance. (8) MA-102:Determine the relationship between physiological and functional measures of muscular and cardio-respiratory fitness or performance and mission-specific task performance and crew health outcomes. (9) MA-201:Determine the required exercise countermeasure or countermeasures (i.e., modality or modalities, prescription, monitoring) to protect mission-specific task performance and crew health outcomes. (10) MA-301:Evaluate an integrated exercise countermeasure system(s) and the potential impact of other physiological countermeasure(s) to protect mission-specific task performance and crew health outcomes. (11) SM1:What is the relationship between in-flight exercise and postflight sensorimotor performance? (OBSOLETE - Merged with SM4 and SM7 to create SM7.1) (12) SM-101:Characterize the effects of short and long-duration weightlessness, with and without deep-space radiation, on postural control and locomotion (gross motor control) after G transitions. (13) SM-201:Develop and test postural control and locomotion countermeasures, including human factors aids.
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Flight Assignment/Project Notes: |
NOTE: Project updated due to P.I. change to A. Varanoske. Previous PI: K. Marshall-Goebel. (Ed. 7/25/24)
NOTE: Project start date and end date updated due to P.I. change to K. Marshall-Goebel and selection for flight. Original end date: 09/30/2027. Information per T. Finkle/NASA-JSC. (Ed. 8/4/22) |
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Task Description: |
Exploration class missions including Artemis and beyond are required to have an exercise device that is lightweight and has a small footprint. This has resulted in the development of exercise devices that are motorized and flywheel-based to provide both aerobic and resistive training on one platform. These devices provide a variety of full body resistance exercise options as well as aerobic rowing and cycling, but no treadmill. Because a treadmill has been available for use on the International Space Station (ISS) since 2001, we do not understand what the effect of removing the treadmill will have on muscle performance, aerobic fitness, bone health, sensorimotor performance, or psychological health. Specific Aims: 1) We aim to quantify the effect of cycle ergometry and resistive exercise only, throughout an entire spaceflight mission on muscle performance, aerobic fitness, bone health, sensorimotor performance, or psychological health by removing the treadmill portion of exercise on ISS and replacing it with additional time on the ISS cycle ergometer (CEVIS), as prescribed by the astronaut trainers, while keeping exercise on the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) the same. 2) We aim to quantify the effectiveness of the European Enhanced Exploration Exercise Device (E4D) during an entire spaceflight mission on bone, muscle, aerobic, and sensorimotor health and performance by having crewmembers utilize the E4D exclusively. |
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Research Impact/Earth Benefits: |
The major aim of this study is to provide exploration vehicle system mass and volume allocation requirements for a Mars exercise hardware capability and inform NASA/commercial developers for exercise requirements to effectively prevent physiological deconditioning during long-duration spaceflight. Specifically, if results show that a treadmill is a necessary component of the in-flight exercise training regime to prevent physiological deconditioning and ensure crew readiness, development of new exercise hardware that encompasses a treadmill may be necessary. This future work may require establishing partnerships with private industry, academia, or other governmental organizations to develop additional exercise capabilities and continue research to advance knowledge in this technical area. |