Task Progress:
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Aim 1 was to determine whether the immune cell response to acute ionizing proton radiation is sex dependent. We found that after 48 hours, 1Gy of proton radiation affects the anti-/pro-inflammatory response in a sex and cytokine specific manner. Females displayed greater anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-4) compared to males after 1Gy of radiation. In the majority of pro-inflammatory cytokines measured there was no change in the expression of the cytokines nor sex differences. However, IL-2 was greater in females than males after 1Gy of radiation, but INF-gamma was increased in males compared to females.
Aim 2 was to determine if the immune cells response to stimulus is impacted post acute ionizing proton radiation. We showed that 48 hours after 1Gy of radiation the expression of anti-/pro-inflammatory cytokines is increased in a similar manner between sexes in response to a stimulus. We also found that 72 hours after 1 Gy of radiation there was no sex difference in the response of anti-/pro-inflammatory cytokines. There was also a similar increase in stimulated cytokine expression after 72 hours 1Gy compared to 48 hours. However, we found that 72 hours post 1 Gy of radiation had a greater stimulated cytokine expression compared to 48 hours.
Future studies include increasing our sample size, utilizing different dosages of proton radiation, performing repeated dosages of proton radiation, and using flow-cytometry to determine the intracellular immune and sex dependent response of macrophages.
This project showed that immune cells that are exposed to proton radiation, which is the predominate form of space radiation, produce inflammatory markers in a sex specific manner. We also showed that the immune cells may have an exaggerated response to a stimulus after they have irradiated with proton radiation.
This information indicates that the immune cells exposed to an acute dose radiation have a lower stimulus threshold. This can lead to an exaggerated immune response to a viral or bacterial stimulus. Countermeasures to the priming of the immune cells could be deployed or developed to prevent the immune cells from being overstimulated.
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Abstracts for Journals and Proceedings
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Didier KD, Sanchez S, Forsberg MH, Shahi A, Wannebo BM, Capitini CM, Schrage WG. "Inflammatory response to radiation exposure of immune cells." American Physiology Summit 2023, Long Beach, California, April 20-23, 2023. American Physiology Summit 2023 Meeting Abstracts. 2023 May 23;38(S1). https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.2023.38.S1.5733308 , May-2023
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Abstracts for Journals and Proceedings
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Sanchez S, Didier KD, Forsberg MH, Shahi A, Wannebo BM, Capitini CM, Schrage WG. "TNF-alpha stimulated immune response: Are there sex differences?" American Physiology Summit 2023, Long Beach, California, April 20-23, 2023. American Physiology Summit 2023 Meeting Abstracts. 2023 May 23;38(S1). https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.2023.38.S1.5733308 , May-2023
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Abstracts for Journals and Proceedings
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Didier KD, Sanchez S, Forsberg MH, Shahi A, Wannebo BM, Capitini CM, Schrage WG. "Inflammatory response to radiation exposure of immune cells: Exploring sex differences." 2023 NASA Human Research Program Investigators’ Workshop, “To the Moon: The Next Golden Age of Human Spaceflight”, Galveston, TX, February 7-9, 2023. Abstracts. 2023 NASA Human Research Program Investigators’ Workshop, “To the Moon: The Next Golden Age of Human Spaceflight”, Galveston, TX, February 7-9, 2023. , Feb-2023
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Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals
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Didier KD, Hammer SM, Alexander AM, Rollins KS, Barstow TJ. "The acute effects of passive heating on endothelial function, muscle microvascular oxygen delivery, and expression of serum HSP90a." Microvasc Res. 2022 July;142:104356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104356 ; PMID: 35276210 , Jul-2022
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Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals
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Didier K, Sanchez S, Shahi A, Capitini C, Schrage W. "Extracellular and intracellular inflammatory response of immune cells to radiation exposure." Physiology. 2024 May 21;39(S1):989. https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.2024.39.S1.989 , May-2024
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Awards
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Didier K. "2024 Environmental & Exercise Physiology Section Dr. Charles (Tip) Tipton Postdoctoral Research Award, January 2024." Jan-2024
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Awards
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Didier K. "Rankin-Skatrud Lectureship Conference Stipend for Postdoctoral Fellow. January 2023." Jan-2023
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Awards
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Didier K. "University of Wisconsin – Madison Symposium Blitz Talk Judge’s Choice Winner, September 2022.
" Sep-2022
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Awards
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Sanchez S. "2023 CVRC Summer Undergraduate Fellowship, May 2023.
" May-2023
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Awards
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Sanchez S. "American Physiological Society Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship, March 2022.
" Mar-2022
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